Ntau lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog Apple, Tesla thiab Intel, tuaj yeem siv cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm Democratic Republic of Congo hauv lawv cov khoom vim lawv vam khom rau cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj uas tau raug liam tias pab "whitewash" irresponsibly mined hlau.
Ntau lub tuam txhab uas siv INTERNATIONAL Tin Council's Tin Supply Chain Initiative (ITSCI) txoj haujlwm tau raug liam tias ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom tshiab los ntawm Global Witness, lub koom haum thoob ntiaj teb tsis muaj txiaj ntsig uas cuam tshuam txog kev tsim txom lub hwj chim.
Txoj haujlwm ITSCI, tau tsim tawm tom qab dhau los ntawm 2010 Dodd Frank txoj cai lij choj, xav kom cov tuam txhab Asmeskas los tshuaj xyuas lawv cov saw hlau kom tsis txhob siv cov ntxhia txuas rau kev tsim txom tib neeg txoj cai thiab tub rog.
Global Witness tsab ntawv ceeb toom qhia tias qhov kev zov me nyuam tsis ua tiav nws lub luag haujlwm vim tias nws cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau "cov pov thawj tsim nyog" uas ITSCI ua rau cov tub rog tswj hwm mines lossis ore tu siv cov menyuam yaus ua haujlwm.
Raws li Global Witness, tib daim ntawv pov thawj tseem tso cai rau kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb los siv nyiaj txiag tsis sib haum xeeb.
Ntawm ib lub mine, qhov kev tshawb fawb pom tias txog li 90 feem pua ntawm cov ntxhia tau qhia rau hauv ITSCI hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm 2021 tsis yog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau ntawv pov thawj kom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb thiab tib neeg txoj cai.
Yuav ua kom qhov teeb meem loj dua, Ntiaj Teb Ntiaj Teb Tus Timkhawv hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov pob zeb no tau txuas nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev tsim txom tib neeg txoj cai. Cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws tau pom ntawm 10 lwm qhov chaw.
Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij tau hais hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tias muaj pov thawj tias cov phiaj xwm ntau lub tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb vam khom kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem cov zaub mov tawm ntawm lawv cov saw hlau tau "ua tsis tau zoo".
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias ITSCI downplays thiab tsis quav ntsej txog cov teeb meem no vim tias nws tau khiav los ntawm ob lub koom haum muaj zog tin thiab tantalum - International Tin Association (ITA) thiab Tantalum-Niobium International Research Center (TIC).
Ob pawg sawv cev rau ntau tus neeg yuav khoom loj hauv cheeb tsam "3T" cov zaub mov - tin, tantalum thiab tungsten, txoj kev tshawb fawb tau hais.
Qhov no tsis yog thawj zaug uas cov tuam txhab thev naus laus zis saum toj kawg nkaus tau liam tias tau txuas nrog cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb.
Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis, tsib lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb -- Tesla, Apple, Cov Ntawv Sau, Microsoft thiab Dell -- tau raug npe nyob rau hauv ib qho kev foob liam tias lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam yaus raug yuam kom mine cobalt hauv Africa.
Taug Kev Dawb thiab Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Ua Haujlwm kwv yees tias ntau dua 40 lab tus tib neeg raug kaw hauv kev ua cev qhev niaj hnub no, suav nrog kev yuam ua haujlwm thiab yuam kev sib yuav.
Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau cov lus nug los ntawm Global Witness, ITSCI tsis kam muab cov khoom sib kis lossis txuas mus rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb lossis kev ua haujlwm rau menyuam yaus.
Lub tsheb fais fab rau tesla loj heev thiab lwm tus neeg koom nrog kev lag luam koom nrog lwm txoj kev sim, xws li Re|Tau qhov twg los, qhov no yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas tuaj yeem taug qab los ntawm mine mus rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av. Volkswagen tseem tab tom ua haujlwm los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hauv mines hauv Democratic Republic of Congo.
Trafigura, lub tuam txhab kev lag luam, xyoo tas los tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog tus tshiab Entreprise Generaledu Cobalt (EGC) hauv Democratic Republic of Congo, uas yog lub hom phiaj los tswj cov khoom siv kos duab thiab ua kom tsoomfwv cov nyiaj tau los los ntawm kev tswj tus nqi.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau sau los ntawm Global Witness kuj qhia tias Chris Huber, tus neeg ua lag luam Swiss uas tab tom tshawb nrhiav kev ua txhaum cai ua tsov ua rog hauv tebchaws Democratic Republic of Congo, tau siv ITSCI cov phiaj xwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau smuggled minerals los ntawm tsawg kawg peb lub tuam txhab rwanda.
Kev lag luam txuas nrog nws thiab nws tus khub, John Crawley, yav dhau los tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm British Parliament, kuj zoo li tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm ntau pua tonnes ntawm smuggled coltan, tsab ntawv ceeb toom hais tias. Lub coltan feem ntau yuav ntxhua khaub ncaws los ntawm ITSCI hauv thaj tsam Rubaya ntawm Democratic Republic of Congo.
Hauv ob xyoos dhau los, qee lub tuam txhab mining tau tso tseg ITSCI hauv kev pom zoo ntawm lwm cov ntawv pov thawj, xws li Cov Txheej Txheem Zoo Tshaj Plaws uas khiav los ntawm RCS Global, pab pawg muag khoom muaj lub luag haujlwm.
Thaum Congolese coltan producer Societe Miniere de Bisunzu (SMB) tawm ntawm ITSCI xyoo 2019, nws yws txog cov nqi nce ntxiv.
Lwm lub tuam txhab kuj tau yws txog qhov nce nqi ntawm cov tswv yim, tab sis tsis tau tso tseg vim lawv ntshai tias lawv yuav muag tsis tau lawv cov zaub mov yam tsis muaj ntawv pov thawj.
Kev ntxhov siab ntawm ITSCI kom txo cov nqi tau nce hauv ob xyoos dhau los vim cov neeg muag khoom muaj lub luag haujlwm ntau tau nrhiav siv blockchain, thev naus laus zis tom qab cryptocurrency Bitcoin, los pab taug qab cov mines thiab ua kom lawv huv si.
Hauv cov koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm Congo, kev khawb ntawm lwm yam hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cobalt, tau txuas nrog kev tsim txom tib neeg txoj cai, kev noj nyiaj txiag, kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm rau menyuam yaus.
