Kev txhim kho ntawm tooj liab ua hlau tooj hlau tau dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntev, tab sis tam sim no tooj liab smelting tseem tau los ntawm kev tua hluav taws, thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig tawm txog li 85% ntawm lub ntiaj teb' s tooj liab tsim tawm. Niaj hnub nimno hydrometallurgical thev naus laus zis tau maj mam hloov kho, thiab kev qhia paub ntawm hydrometallurgy Cov nqi ntawm tooj liab smelting yog txo ntau heev. Cia' s ua tibzoo saib ob txoj hauv kev tooj liab, kev tua hluav taws thiab nplaim dej smelting (SX-EX).
Hluav taws tooj liab smelting:
Cathode tooj liab yog tsim los ntawm melting smelting thiab electrolytic refining, uas yog, tooj liab electrolytic, uas feem ntau haum rau qib-tooj liab tooj liab sulfide ore. Pyro smelting feem ntau cuam tshuam ua ntej nce cov khoom siv nyoos uas muaj ob peb feem pua lossis ob peb txhiab tus tooj liab rau 20-30% los ntawm kev txais txiaj ntsig. Raws li tooj liab mloog zoo, nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kaw lub tshuab kaw, lub qhov cub rov nruab nrab, hluav taws xob cua lossis lub cub tawg. Tom qab matte smelting, cov yeeb yaj kiab matte (tooj liab matte) yog tom qab ntawd xa mus rau lub chaw hloov rau tshuab ua tooj liab, thiab tom qab ntawd oxidized thiab kho kom zoo hauv lwm qhov cub tawg kom tshem tawm impurities, lossis nrum rau hauv phaj anode rau electrolysis, nrog qib siab ntawm rau 99.9% Ntawm tooj liab hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem yog luv thiab hloov tau, thiab qhov rov qab ntawm tooj liab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 95%. Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias cov leej faj nyob hauv cov hlau yog raug tso tawm li sulfur dioxide pov tseg roj hauv ob theem ntawm matte ntau lawm thiab hloov dua siab tshiab, nws nyuaj rau rov qab thiab yooj yim ua rau muaj kuab paug. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, molten pool smelting xws li nyiaj qauv thiab hom Noranda, ntxiv rau Mitsubishi txoj kev hauv Nyij Pooj, tau maj mam tsim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tas mus li thiab siv tshuab pyrometallurgy. Ntxiv nrog rau tooj liab concentrates, tooj dag seem kuj tseem yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau ua kom zoo tooj liab, suav nrog cov seem qub tooj liab thiab cov tooj tshiab seem. Cov khawb tooj qub yog los ntawm cov khoom qub thiab kev siv tshuab, cov tuam tsev pov tseg thiab cov kav xa dej qis; tooj dag tshiab los ntawm kev ua cov nroj tsuag pov tseg tooj liab seem (qhov feem cuam ntawm tooj liab yog li 50%). Feem ntau, cov mov ntawm tooj dag seem yog qhov ruaj khov. Kev ua tooj liab tuaj yeem muab faib ua: liab qab tooj liab (qib saum 90%); tooj daj (xaim); cov khoom siv tooj liab (Cov tsheb qub, lub rooj sib txuas hauv Circuit); tooj liab tsim los ntawm seem tooj liab thiab lwm yam khoom siv zoo sib xws, tseem hu ua tooj liab ua rov ua dua tshiab.
Hydrometallurgy:
Lub nkoj tsim nyog rau qib qis tooj liab oxide, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tooj liab tsim yog electrowinning tooj liab. Niaj hnub nimno hydrometallurgy suav nrog cov khoom ua rau muaj dej ntau-ua xeb-xeb-xaiv, lub xeb-tso-xaiv-electrowinning, kab xev thiab lwm txoj hauv kev, haum rau cov qib qis ua rau cov xeb, tooj liab oxide ore, tooj-muaj cov pov tseg ore heap leaching, xaiv dej xaij lossis xaiv 地 tso. The hydrometallurgical thev naus laus zis yog maj mam raug nce, thiab cia siab tias nws yuav ncav txog 20% ntawm tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua no. Cov lus qhia ntawm hydrometallurgy tau zoo heev txo tus nqi tooj liab smelting.
Cov txheej txheem ntws tawm yog raws li hauv qab no: Ntawm lawv, kev rho tawm ntawm tooj liab (cov txheej txheem uas tooj liab nkag hauv cov organic txheej ntawm dej txheej) thiab rov qab rho tawm (cov txheej txheem uas tooj liab nkag hauv dej txheej los ntawm txheej organic) yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb. rau niaj hnub tooj liab hydrometallurgy.
Cov hluav taws thiab ntub cov txheej txheem muaj cov yam ntxwv li nram no:
(1) tom kawg' s cov khoom siv sib tsoo tsis yooj yim dua, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tsis huv yog siab dua, uas yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv rau cov qub.
(2) Lub tom kawg tau txwv tsis pub dhau thiab raug rau qeb thiab hom ntawm ore.
(3) Tus nqi ntawm tus qub yog siab dua tom qab.
Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias hydrometallurgical thev naus laus zis muaj qhov zoo ntau, tab sis nws qhov kev siv ntawm kev thov tsuas yog muaj tsawg. Tsis yog txhua tus tooj liab tooj hlau yuav siv cov thev naus laus zis zoo li no. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, ntau thiab ntau lub teb chaws, suav nrog Asmeskas, Chile, Canada, Australia, Mexico, thiab Peru, tau siv cov txheej txheem los ua cov tooj dag kom ntau nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Txhim kho cov tshuab ntub dej thiab nce qib ntawm nws cov ntawv thov tau txo tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm tooj liab, nce ntau lawm cov peev txheej ntawm tooj liab, thiab nce cov khoom siv cov kev sib raug zoo hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, uas ua rau muaj qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib raug zoo, uas muaj qhov ua kom zoo ntawm cov nqi.
