BHP billiton: Primary nickel demand is expected to grow by 1.3 million tonnes over the next 10 years.
& quot; dhau kaum xyoo tom ntej, hluav taws xob yuav yog qhov sib txawv." Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 14, BHP Billiton hlau thiab mining kev lag luam tsom xam tus thawj coj Wenjun Bao ntawm 2021 Kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim kho tsheb tshiab Tshaj Tawm.
Bao tau hais ntxiv tias saib rov qab rau xyoo tas los, kev lag luam ev tau nce qhov tawg tshiab hauv 2020, nrog kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb txog 3.2 lab units, nce 44% los ntawm 2019, thiab nkag mus rau lub ntiaj teb lub teeb tsheb muag mus txog 4.3%. Qhov kev loj hlob muaj zog no tau txuas ntxiv rau xyoo no thiab tab tom pom cov cim qhia kom nrawm dua." Saib ua ntej, peb ntseeg tias muaj ntau yam zoo rau kev lag luam' txoj kev loj hlob, raws li tsoomfwv thoob ntiaj teb tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm cov hom phiaj ntev rau kev siv tsheb fais fab thiab dov tawm cov cai txhawb nqa. ." Bao Wenjun hais.
Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov tsheb fais fab yog tsav nickel xav tau
Bao ntseeg tias niaj hnub no' cov neeg siv khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob hauv nroog, xav paub ntau dua rau cov tsheb hluav taws xob zoo ib puag ncig. Tag nrho cov xwm txheej no ua rau peb ntseeg tias kev muag tsheb hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb yuav loj hlob sai. Peb kwv yees tias lub tsheb hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb, uas peb hu ua hluav taws xob ntshiab + plug-in, yuav suav txog ntau npaum li ib feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub teeb muag tsheb los ntawm 2030, thiab qhov nkag mus yuav ntau dua hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob xws li Tuam Tshoj thiab Europe.
Kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov tsheb fais fab yuav inevitably tsav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam roj teeb. Muaj ntau hom roj teeb uas siv hauv lub tsheb fais fab, thiab nws tau tshaj tawm tias ternary lithium roj teeb yog ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb. Lub cathode ntawm peb-txoj kev roj teeb siv peb yam sib txawv, npib tsib xee, cobalt, thiab peb cov hlau, xws li manganese lossis txhuas. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, npib tsib xee tseem ceeb heev los txhim kho lub zog ceev ntawm cov roj teeb thiab lub zog ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, npib tsib xee yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov khoom siv cathode.
Bao believes that the future of battery technology will present two major trends: the first trend, the ternary battery industry is the long-term mainstream. In 2020, lithium nickel-cobalt-manganate batteries, lithium nickel-cobalt-aluminate batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries are the main types of power batteries for passenger vehicles worldwide, and nickel-containing batteries account for more than 80%. In the long term, nickel-containing ternary batteries have greater space for improvement in energy density and more development potential, so ternary batteries will become the main technical route of global passenger car power batteries. The second trend is that nickel-containing batteries themselves are also improving. This progress is reflected in the continuous increase of nickel content. Ternary batteries in this diagram can be divided into two categories, one is nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium battery, and nickel-cobalt-aluminate lithium battery. Among the three cathode materials, the proportion of nickel in some products has reached 80%, and more nickel batteries in the future.
Bao believes that with the increase of nickel content, the energy density of the three-way battery will increase, and the cost per unit of energy will decrease, and then become more competitive in cost. At the same time, the improvement of energy density and battery performance can relieve consumers' range anxiety and help improve the performance of electric vehicles. "So we expect the demand for nickel for batteries to grow exponentially over the next decade." Bao wenjun said.
Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov npib tsib xee hauv kev ua lag luam yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam uas tsis yog roj teeb. Xyoo 2020, tsuas yog 5% ntawm cov nickel thawj zaug yuav raug siv rau hauv cov roj teeb, thaum feem ntau ntawm cov seem yuav siv rau hauv cov hlau tsis muaj steel. Stainless hlau tam sim no tso nyiaj rau ob feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb' cov nickel siv." Nickel hauv kev lag luam roj teeb, txawm hais tias tam sim no los ntawm lub hauv paus me me, yuav yog tus tsav tsheb loj hlob yav tom ntej." Peb cia siab tias tag nrho cov nickel thov kom loj hlob ntawm ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm 5 feem pua hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej, tab sis nickel thov rau roj teeb yuav loj hlob ntawm tus nqi ntau dua 20 feem pua."" Kev lag luam xav tau rau thawj npib tsib xee yuav nce li ntawm 1.3 lab tons hauv 10 xyoo tom ntej. Kev lag luam roj teeb, txawm tias los ntawm lub hauv paus me me, tuaj yeem ua rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm kev nce, lossis txog 700,000 tons." Los ntawm 2030 peb xav tias kev lag luam roj teeb yuav suav rau ntau dua 20% ntawm lub ntiaj teb' qhov kev thov thawj nickel."
In terms of nickel supply, nickel ores are widely distributed and of different types worldwide. It can be roughly divided into two types, the first is nickel sulfide ore, and the second is oxide ore (commonly known as laterite nickel ore). Nickel sulfide ore mining history is long in history, in the past century it has been a traditional main source of nickel, nickel sulfide ore after flotation gold nickel content is higher, is also conducive to further refine, nickel sulfide ore distribution, are mainly distributed in the high latitudes, Russia, Canada, northwest China's gansu jinchuan, and South Africa, Australia. The global sulfide ore resources are relatively limited, and the increase of nickel ore in the last 20 years mainly comes from laterite nickel ore. Laterite nickel ore is geographically distributed in tropical areas along the equator, and laterite nickel ore is especially suitable for the production of nickel pig iron or nickel-iron alloy because of its high iron content. In terms of final use, laterite nickel ore is mainly used in stainless steel manufacturing. In the past decade, with the rapid development of stainless steel industry in China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia and the Philippines have become the main suppliers of laterite nickel ore in the world.
BHP billiton tau cog lus kom ua tiav cov pa roj carbon tsawg hauv cov khoom siv nickel
Ua ntej nickel ore tuaj yeem hloov mus ua npib tsib xee uas tuaj yeem siv tau hauv cov roj teeb, nws yuav tsum tau mus txog qhov nruab nrab, npib tsib xee sulfate. Western Nickel, ib chav tsev ntawm BHP billiton, tsim qib 1 npib tsib xee los ntawm sulfide ore. Tsis ntev los no, qee tus neeg muag khoom nickel tau tshawb nrhiav, piv txwv li, rov ua cov nickel npua hlau rau kev lag luam roj teeb kom qhib txoj hauv kev ntawm cov xuab zeb nickel rau cov ntawv siv roj teeb.
BHP billiton yav dhau los muab cov khoom tiav ntawm kev ua lag luam feem ntau yog taum nickel thiab npib tsib xee hmoov. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev los no peb tau nqis peev hauv cov khoom siv nickel sulphate hauv qab. Thaum tas li nce qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom muag rau cov roj teeb, peb kuj tseem hloov daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom kawg kom tau los ze zog rau peb cov roj teeb kev lag luam saw.
BHP' cov nickel sulphate tshiab cog yuav muaj peev xwm ntau dua 100, 000 tonnes ib xyoo thaum nws ncav cuag ntau lawm, ua rau nws yog ib qhov loj tshaj plaws nickel sulphate tej yaam num nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws qhov kev xa khoom tshiab kawg ntawm nickel sulphate tau pib xa mus rau Tuam Tshoj rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv kev lag luam hauv qab.
Txawm hais tias lub tsheb fais fab lawv tus kheej muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua li cov tsheb uas muaj roj av, BHP billiton tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ua cov roj teeb lossis cov khoom siv raw rau cov roj teeb uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg li sai tau los txo nws cov pa roj carbon monoxide." Txij li thaum muaj ntau cov CARBON dioxide yog tsim los ntawm npib tsib xee, cobalt thiab lithium mining, smelting thiab zaum kawg roj teeb pob ntau lawm, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim cov roj teeb raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov roj teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug greener txoj kev thiaj li yuav txo tau cov pa roj carbon hneev taw. tus nqi saw thiab kev lag luam saw, thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov feem ntawm tag nrho cov emissions ntawm roj teeb." Bao Wenjun hais.
Bao tau hais rau cov neeg sau xov xwm tias txij li thaum nickel mining, hnav khaub ncaws thiab smelting siv hluav taws xob ntau, lawv thawj kauj ruam yog pib nrhiav lub zog tauj dua tshiab xws li hnub ci zog. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis, BHP tshaj tawm daim ntawv cog lus yuav khoom rau 20 megawatts los ntawm cov nroj tsuag hnub ci hauv zos, thiab tsis ntev los no tau ntxiv 30 megawatts ntxiv. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tshaj tawm hnub ci zog, BHP tseem tab tom tsim nws tus kheej ua liaj ua teb thiab lub zog khaws cia, thiab yuav tshawb nrhiav qhov ua tau ntawm cua fais fab.
Yawg Bao tau hais txog kev siv tsheb hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv hauv cov nickel mines ob qho tib si saum toj thiab hauv qab av." Vim tias cov nickel peb tsim mus rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob, thiab tig cov tsheb hluav taws xob ntsuab ntawd xaus rau hauv peb cov mines, tsim lub voj kaw tiag. Tag nrho cov kev txav no yog tsom rau kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov."
