Tooj liab yog ib tus hlau pom thaum ntxov tshaj plaws los ntawm noob neej. Tooj liab yog xim hlau tsis yog hlau tsis sib raug zoo nrog noob neej. Nws yog dav siv hauv hluav taws xob, lub teeb kev lag luam, kev tsim tshuab, kev tsim kho kev lag luam, kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam thiab lwm cov teb. Nrog qhov nce ntawm kev lag luam tsim tshiab xws li Tuam Tshoj thiab Is Nrias teb, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom lag luam ntxhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv tooj liab tau nce. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua ntiaj teb' s tus neeg siv tooj liab ntau tshaj plaws, thiab Tuam Tshoj' s tooj liab yog cov muaj feem xyuam siab rau cov peev txheej txawv teb chaws. Hauv kev pom ntawm kuv lub teb chaws' s siab vam khom rau cov khoom siv tooj liab thiab nruj txaus thiab xav tau xwm txheej ntawm cov peev txheej tooj liab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom paub cov khoom siv tooj liab thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag, tshawb xyuas tus qauv ntawm cov peev txheej tooj liab, thiab kwv yees kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev lag luam tooj liab.
Cov qauv kev pab cuam tseem ceeb tsom xam tus qauv tooj liab los ntawm peb yam: cov qauv muaj txiaj ntsig, cov qauv tswj kev tsim tawm thiab cov peev txheej (feem ntau cov khoom sib txig sib luag), thiaj li muab cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho kuv lub teb chaws' s tooj liab ua kev lag luam.
Tooj liab qauv txawv
Nyob rau xyoo 2011, lub ntiaj teb tooj liab muaj 690 lab tons, ib xyoo dhau ntawm 9,5%, thiab cov nyiaj tooj liab hauv Chile thiab Australia tau nce siab. Cov peev txheej tooj liab tau muab faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lub teb chaws uas muaj cov peev nyiaj ntau yog Chile, Peru thiab Australia, tom qab ntawd Mexico, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Tuam Tshoj, Indonesia, Russia, Poland, Congo (Kinshasa), Zambia, thiab lwm yam [1], saib Daim Duab 1.
Lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv tooj liab yog cov tseem ceeb nyob hauv Mesozoic thiab Cenozoic tus tooj liab-kub ntawm Pacific Pacific (suav nrog Chile, Peru, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Canada, Philippines, Indonesia, thiab Papua New Guinea), Alpine-Himalayan Mesozoic porphyry tooj liab siv tawv (suav nrog yav tas los Yugoslavia, Iran, Pakistan, Tuam Tshoj thiab lwm lub tebchaws), Central Asia-Mongolia Paleozoic porphyry tooj liab (suav nrog Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia thiab Tuam Tshoj), Central Africa xuab zeb shale hom tooj liab-cobalt siv (suav nrog Zambia thiab Congo (Kub)), North American tooj liab-nickel sulfide concentration thaj chaw (suav nrog Tebchaws Meskas thiab Canada), North American pyrite-hom tooj liab qhov chaw tsom (Canada), Central European shale tooj liab tsuas yog thaj tsam (Poland thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees), Western European pyrite- hom tooj liab mine Siv (Spain thiab Portugal), Siberian tooj liab-npib tsib xee sulfide qhov chaw khawb av thiab xuab zeb shale tooj liab tsuas yog thaj tsam (Russia), Asia-Europe pyrite tooj liab polymetallic siv (Russia thiab Kazakhstan) thiab o ther tooj liab qhov chaw [2].
Hais txog cov khoom siv hauv peev, nws tuaj yeem faib ua peb tus tswv cuab. Thawj echelon yog Chile, Peru thiab Australia. Txoj hlua tooj liab Chilean yuav luag txog yuav luag ib nrab ntawm tag nrho lub teb chaws, feem ntau yog thaj av qaum teb-nruab nrab, thiab hom yog feem ntau yog tooj liab. Qhov thib ob echelon yog Mexico, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Tuam Tshoj, Indonesia, Russia, Poland, Congo (DRC), Zambia, thiab Kazakhstan. Qeb peb yog Mongolia, South Africa, Argentina, Bulgaria thiab lwm lub tebchaws, nrog cov peev txheej tau txog 80 lab tons hauv 2011.
Hauv ob xyoos dhau los, kev tshawb xyuas tooj liab hauv South America tseem yog qhov chaw kub, nrog kev nce qib tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv. Piv txwv li, xyoo 2011, cov koom haum Bolivian nrhiav pom muaj cov tooj liab loj uas muaj ze li ntawm 100 lab tons ntawm cov peev hauv Corokoro, 110km ntawm lub peev, nrog xyoo tawm ntawm 30,000 tons ntawm tooj liab [3]. Nyob rau xyoo 2011, ESCALONES tus ntxhais tooj liab koom nrog Canadian South American nyiaj mine yog nyob 100km sab qab teb ntawm Chilean lub nroog ntawm Santiago. Lub qhov nyuam qhuav tshawb pom loj kawg hauv tooj liab yog kwv yees muaj tooj liab li ntawm 1,8 lab tons.
